Chagos 2016 - Day 4

Scientists from TRCC and GTOPP are at sea in the Indian Ocean with the Bertarelli Foundation's Chagos Archipelago Science Expedition 2016.  Dr Heather Koldewey, Chief Scientist of the Expedition, wrote:
 

Day 4 highlights – 8th April 2, Peros Banhos Turtle Team

• Today saw one turtle track on Vache Marine

• Aerial surveys completed in southwest of Peros Banhos atoll

• Signs (bottom) that the donkey is alive and well!

• Thanks Benoit and Lukas for continuing the turtle (and donkey!) research!

Coral Reef Team

• A busy day of surveys inside the lagoon (Bernards Knoll) and on the seaward side of Ile Poule.
• Ile Poule site had abundant reef fish populations.

Coral Health - Peros Banhos Reflection
• Past 3 days surveyed north, west & south
– Reef seems healthier in southern Peros Banhos
• But here at critical time
– Southern Peros Banhos sites showing early signs of bleaching

• –  Very worrying as large amount of damage to coral likely
  
• –  However, large numbers of juvenile corals on reef that appear less affected – so potential good recovery
  
• 
  
• 
  
  
  
  
  
• 
  

Lagoonal twilight zone reefs

• Continued twilight reef exploration (deeper than 30m) with the ROV in Peros Banhos lagoon:

• –  Interesting mix of corals and large fleshy algae not seen on shallow reefs
  
• –  3 grey & 1 black-tip reef sharks hanging out under VAVA II
  
• –  ‘Flattened’ corals adapted to deep reefs
  

Tagging and Array team

All hydrophones (except one which will be done early tomorrow) in Peros Banhos serviced

Great achievement by the Array Team and a huge amount of work!

Tagging team
• An exciting and very busy day for the tagging team:

• –  13 sharks tagged (grey reef sharks and silvertips)
  
• –  First camera tag deployed on grey reef shark
  
• –  First new generation tag deployed on grey reef shark
  

New Generation Pop Up Satellite Tag on Grey Reef Shark

A stunning end to another busy and productive day. Thanks everyone! 

Chagos 2016 - Day 3

Scientists from TRCC and GTOPP are at sea in the Indian Ocean with the Bertarelli Foundation's Chagos Archipelago Science Expedition 2016.  Dr Heather Koldewey, Chief Scientist of the Expedition, wrote:
 

Day 3 highlights – 7th April 2016 , Peros Banhos

Turtle Team

• Today saw two good hawksbill turtle tracks:
  
• One at Ile Diamant
• One at Ile Yéyé (picture). This track was extremely fresh – either from last night or early morning
• Thanks Benoit and Lukas for continuing the turtle research! 
  

Coral Reef Team

• A busy day of surveys around Petit Coquillage in Peros Banhos and we enjoyed a turtle inspection and seeing reef and nurse sharks during the dives.
  
• Limited bleaching at present–only in occasional colonies. Water temperature is currently warm at 30- 31 degrees C.

Monitoring the reef ecosystem

• A newly designed automatic water sampler was deployed that collects water every 2 hours over a 24 hour period.
  
• The collected water will be sent back to Stanford University to precisely measure different forms of carbon.
  
• We will then quantify the calcification to net photosynthesis ratio to monitor ecosystem function.
  

Tagging & Array Team

• The array team continued to recover and redeploy receivers in the array, servicing 10 receivers and expanding our array at Speakers Bank.
  
• The expansion of the array at Speakers Bank included the first deployments of acoustic receivers set on acoustic releases, expanding our ability to monitor deep water habitats.

A nurse shark inspects a receiver

• The tagging team tagged one grey reef shark and caught and sampled a variety of pelagic fishes at Speakers Bank.
  
• The surprising abundance of pelagic fish at Speakers Bank led Dr Barbara Block to refer to it as a “tuna hotel”. 
  

Robbie with a yellowfin tuna at Speakers Bank. This fish was released. 

Thanks to all on Vava II, especially the Captain and crew, for a fantastic and productive day! 

Tag-A-Giant Nova Scotia 2015: First Bite

It’s 6am and the floodlights cast their rays on the back deck of the f/v Bay Queen IV in Murphy’s Pond, Port Hood’s small commercial fishing port on the west coast of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.  Captain Dennis Cameron and mate Lloyd MacInnes move around the deck coiling lines and crimping monofilament, bantering over the low rumble of the inboard.

Murphy's Pond in Port Hood, Nova Scotia 
photo credit: R. Schallert

We approach the dock in our minivan loaded with crates of scientific gear and snacks for our day on the water. Dr. Steve Wilson and Robbie Schallert of Stanford University and the Tag-A-Giant Foundation lift a heavy silver crate and shuffle towards the Bay Queen IV, greeting the crews of the various vessels staging their gear in the grey light.  The crate is full of acoustic and satellite tags that, with luck, will be deployed on some of the largest tunas in the world.

The TAG team has been coming up to Nova Scotia every fall for the past 8 years and it shows.  Robbie cracks jokes with Melvin, Troy, Carl and more as we make our way down the floating dock. TAG has fostered lifelong relationships within the Port Hood community to create a collaborative environment; we couldn’t tag without their ocean expertise, and our research contributes to the sustainable management of their local bluefin fishery.

Loading the bait well with mackerel in the morning light
photo credit: E. Estess 

We shove off as the clouds turn a light pink hue. The first order of business, as with all fishing, is bait.  Dennis eyes the echo sounder and quickly shifts out of gear when he spots a school of mackerel.  We keep the biggest mackerel in the live-well and motor off towards the tuna grounds.  Once we’re in the zone Lloyd rigs up two of the thick rods with live mackerel and pink balloons as surface floats, and the third rod is connected to a kite line to dangle a live mackerel at the surface.  And now we wait.

Radio calls come in from across the Gulf of St. Lawrence.  “Congratulations Bill, glad to hear you got your fish.”  “We’re marking lots of fish over here boys.”  Again, I take note of the friendly, collaborative nature of the fishery. Canadians really are as nice as people say!  After hours of silence we decide to pick up our lines and try another spot. More silence and no tuna marks on the echo sounder.

Searching the Gulf of St. Lawrence for giant bluefin
photo credit: R. Schallert

This is our second day on the water and the fishing has been silent.  Not to mention the weather has been on the rough side of the spectrum.  Part of me accepts that this is the nature of fishing- the bite is always hotter the week before. It’s fishing, not catching. Am I wearing my lucky tuna belt? I didn’t even bring any bananas on board.  These old catchphrases and superstitions drift through my mind as the hours flow on.

Deep down I know I’m paying a karmic penance after my last trip up to Port Hood in 2013, when we tagged up to 9 giant bluefin in a day and fished for 5 days straight in sunny, flat calm conditions.  I knew I was going to have to pay some dues, and bouncing around in the cabin with my hands shoved deep into my foul weather jacket to keep warm in the Arctic breeze, I accepted my fate with a meditative mantra, “It’s fishing, not tagging.”

Wind on the water. Waiting for action.
photo credit: E. Estess

At that moment, I watched the monofilament pull tight and the pink balloon float disappear. SNAP! The rubber band holding the Teflon leader guard broke and it rocketed down the line to protect the mono leader from the glass-sharp teeth of the giant tuna below.  BZZZZZZZZZZZ the line screamed off the reel as Lloyd rocketed across the deck and started cranking away.  Dennis began maneuvering the vessel, backing down on the fish to gain slack in the 300lb test line like a boxer circling their opponent in the ring.  The rod bent with strain as the fish made a run and Lloyd waited patiently for his chance to gain line.

  

But as quickly as it had come, the tuna jerked the hook from its mouth and was gone.  Lloyd silently reeled in the slack line, pausing to look at the bent hook.  Strike one, but after days of no action the reminder of the power of these animals was enough inspiration.  The fish are around. They’re always on the move throughout the gulf waters as they hunt for herring and mackerel, and it takes skill and decent dose of luck to line up on them.  Weather permitting, we will be putting in our time these next weeks to tag and release these beautiful giants, unlocking the secrets of their life history and migratory routes to inform the sustainable management of the tuna fishery.

Hoping for an evening bite.
photo credit: E. Estess

Bluefin Satellite Tag Hunt

Low Fog kisses the Highlands along the Cabot Trail

Place yourself for a moment in the office of a tuna tagging scientist staring at a map with a GPS location of a popped-off mini-PAT satellite tag.  The tag had been attached to a Giant Bluefin Tuna for the past 10 months, and it contains a virtual diary of its movements, behaviours and environments encountered.  The tag is sending a summary of the tuna’s story to a satellite which relays it to your computer.  This summary data is like reading the first and final chapter of a novel and the story line on the back cover.  It’s valuable and you get the highlights and main point of it all, but you feel cheated somehow, especially after you spent weeks travelling and fishing to tag the tuna in the first place. If you can get the tag back, you can download the entire "story".

A lot of tags pop off far from shore, well beyond reach of an inshore vessel’s range.  So what happens when a tag comes to the surface 15 kms from shore?  And 25 kms from the nearest port where you know a local fisher who has a boat at the dock?  You scramble; you email, call and coordinate a recovery as fast as humanly possible…and then you pray, for good weather, calm seas and good visibility.  On Wednesday, this week, such an event happened.  Although I wasn’t the scientist staring at the map of the first GPS location, early Thursday morning...I was the scientist along with a Honours student from Acadia University rushing to the dock to jump on board the ‘Mary Heather’ captained by TAG-A-GIANT’s Captain Lloyd MacInnes based out of Little River, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.

The search for the tag begins

Finding a tag the size of an egg with a thin black antenna sticking out would be an ok Easter-egg-hunt on land. However, throw in waves, a large area, a GPS location that is hours old, and the fact that the tag is floating with only the antenna peaking out, all of a sudden the easter egg hunt isn't quite as easy. That’s where Seth Newall, a Honours student from Acadia University comes in.  He brought a "tag locator" with him, which picks up the specific frequency of the tag and allows us to home in on the signal.  It’s a lot like playing ‘hot-cold’ as a kid, except you’re still looking for a black, half-submerged tag within 300 to 50 m of the boat.  So with Captain Lloyd at the helm spinning circles and squiggles on his chart display, Seth relaying signal strength of the tag, and myself standing on the cabin roof searching the water, we played that very game.  It was bit foggy, but relatively calm, no breaking waves or chop.  With help texts coming from TAG-A-GIANT’s Robbie Schallert in Texas, we honed our rookie skills using the tag locator.  Seth’s signal strength got stronger as the search continued.  After 3 hours of playing hide-and-seek, I spotted the black egg with antenna sticking straight up, 20 m off the port bow.

“I got it!” I yelled out, “10 o’clock! 60 feet off the port side!”

“I see it!” confirmed Captain Lloyd.

“Seth, grab the dip net while I keep an eye on it!” I instructed.

Captain Lloyd had the boat alongside the tag within seconds.  He wasn’t waiting for a dip net.  He had a deck-brush in hand and was frantically sweeping the tag closer to the boat.  Seth netted our find and with that, we had in hand the day-to-day story of one Bluefin.

Relieved Capt. with the tag

Close up of the Wildlife Computers miniPAT

Steaming back to port, the sun broke through the fog to illuminate the sea’s surface and rocky cliffs onshore, yet the lush green mountain tops of Cape Breton’s Highlands remained covered.  A pod of white-sided dolphins broke the surface and a puffin dove under upon the Mary Heather’s approach.  Some gifts in view while others remained out of sight, a fitting summary to our search’s conclusion.

Acadia Team with the tag safely secured!!

-          Written by Aaron Spares, Acadia University Coastal Ecology Lab 

TAG Canada 2014

TAG Canada is underway. A team from Stanford, Monterey Bay Aquarium and Acadia University  led by Dr. Steve Wilson, Robbie Schallert and Dr. Mike Stokebury are tagging giants in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Tuna are being tagged with sophisticated miniPAT tags and long-term acoustic tags, with a goal of understanding how these bluefin utilize the Gulf of Mexico spawning area closures. This is the 7th year the TAG, MBA, Stanford team has been in Canada- and the 145th tuna in Canadian waters to receive these high tech tags.  Some new accelerometry tags are also being tested in an effort supported by ONR, to determine how fast a giant bluefin goes.

IGFA Great Marlin Race Gets Off to a Roaring Start

Today marks the opening day of the 55th Annual Hawaiian International Billfish Tournament in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. It is also the sixth year for the Great Marlin Race, which was launched here in celebration of the HIBT's 50th Anniversary.

As the teams started arriving at the "Shouting Room" (a giant open-air tent where the angling teams assemble before and after fishing), the IGFA's Eric Combast and I knew that we had our work cut out for us. We had lined up sponsors for 4-1/2 of the 10 tags we had with us, and being optimists, we brought 6 down.

Within minutes, Whangaroa Billfish Club's Keith Allan stepped forward and offered to sponsor a tag to send out with his lovely wife Janice. I was happy to oblige, and glad to have their continued support in this year's race.

I set up tags for Rocky Franich from the Pajaro Valley Game Fish Club, Ralph Czabayski of the Game Fishing Club of South Australia, and last year's winning team of Mitchell and Marty Firestein, who are fishing this year as part of the Laguna Niguel Billfish Club.

Marty Firestein shows off his new IGMR lure while Mitch looks on.

I had the pleasure of getting on Humdinger with co-founders of the Great Marlin Race, Bob and Sally Kurz, also with Laguna Niguel. It was just coming up on 10 AM when a nice 250 lb. blue came up on the short rigger. Sally was in the chair and watched this great fish grayhound across the surface about 50 yards off the stern. Once she dove, though, the fight was on. Sally settled in for a tough battle, gaining only six inches of line at a time. 

Sally Kurz battles a nice blue while husband Bob (left) and deckhand Brett Fay (right) provide support. 

After more than an hour, deckhand Brett Fay leadered the marlin alongside the boat, setting up Bob Kurz for a perfect shot with the tag. Moments later she was away, swimmimng strong.

As it turned out, this was actually the second satellite deployed so far today - the first being the one Keith Allan sponsored this morning, which was placed on a marlin while Sally was battling hers.

This is a fantastic start to the event, and hopefully marks the beginning of a great week. Keep checking back! 

Success in Chagos!

Team Chagos, composed of scientists from our very own TRCC, Australia and the UK have completed their deployments of new Vemco receivers and Wildlife Computers satellite tags.

Today we have completed the installation of a network of underwater receivers that will provide both real time updates and the capacity to monitor this - the largest Marine Protected Coral Reef Atoll in the world. Our "Wired Ocean" concept is now allowing the international team to follow the reef ecosystem in real time, and over the next decade.  The first ocean observation devices have also been installed providing oxygen and temperature measurements that should enable initiation of long term climate data.

Thanks to our the crew and the scientists, along with the Bertarelli Foundation and Rolex, for helping to make this transfer of technology happen!